INTRODUCTION:

Lipstick is a cosmetic product containing pigments, oils, waxes, and emollients that applies colour, texture, and protection to the lips¹. Synthetic lipstick contains heavy metals like nickel, copper, chromium, arsenic and cobalt and while applying these lipsticks, some of these toxic substances are absorbed by the lips and stomach. The rest of them are absorbed by the pigment of the skin, where they react with other chemicals in the environment and causes rashes on the lips².

Punica granatum Linn (Pomegranate) is a member of family Punicaceae, which is a deciduous spreading shrub or small tree and has thorns with it. This plant is found all over India. Pomegranate peel is an inedible part obtained during processing of Pomegranate juice. Pomegranate peel is a rich source of tannins, flavonoids, polyphenols and some anthocyanins as delphinidins, cyanidins, etc. All the compounds of pomegranate peels are reported to have anti-bacterial, anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory properties^3-5.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Selection and authentication of plant material:

The peels of Punica granatum was collected in local market near Kodad and authenticated by Dr. M. Chinna Eswaraiah,

Department of Pharmacognosy. A voucher specimen was kept in Department of Pharmacognosy, Anurag Pharmacy College.

Preparation of extracts:

The powder was subjected to hot percolation method using Soxhlet apparatus with methanol. The extracts was dried and weighed.

Formulation of herbal lipstick:

The herbal lipstick was formulated as per method prescribed. The ingredients used in the formulation of herbal lipsticks are

Ø Bees wax

Ø Paraffin wax

Ø Methanolic extract of Punica granatum peel

Ø Castor oil

Ø Lemon juice

Ø Orange essence

Ø Vanilla essence

All the ingredients are taken in definite ratio and five formulations F1 to F5 were prepared (Table 1).

Evaluation of herbal lipstick:

In order to maintain a uniform standard for lipsticks, evaluation parameters like melting point, breaking point, force of application, surface anomalies are carried out for all prepared formulations. The results were tabulated in Table 2.

Table 1: formulation of herbal lipsticks

Ingredients	Uses	Quantity (gms)
Ingredients	Uses	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5
Bees wax	Glossy and hardness	27	28	29	27	30
Paraffin wax	Glossy and hardness	23	22	24	21	24
Methanolic extract of Punica granatum peel	Colouring agent	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.8
Castor oil	Blending agent	18	16	15	17	18
Lemon juice	Anti-oxidant	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.4
Orange essence	Flavouring agent	1.5	2.0	1.5	1.5	2.0
Vanilla essence	preservative	q.s	q.s	q.s	q.s	q.s

Table 2: Evaluation of prepared herbal lipsticks

Parameters	Inference
Parameters	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5
Colour	Yellowish Orange	Yellowish Orange	Yellowish Orange	Yellowish Orange	Yellowish Orange
pH	6.4±0.2	6.3±0.2	6.2±0.2	6.4±0.2	6.2±0.2
Skin irritation test	No	No	No	No	No
Melting point	60-61	62-62	60-61	59-60	63-64
Breaking point	21	24	21	24	23
Force of application	Good	Good	Easy	Easy	Good
Perfume stability	+++	++	++	+++	++
Surface anomalies	No defect	No defect	No defect	+No defect	No defect
Aging stability	Smooth	Smooth	Smooth	Smooth	Smooth
Solubility test	Pet.ether	Pet.ether	Pet.ether	Pet.ether	Pet.ether

Melting point:

Determination of melting point is important as it is an indication of the limit of safe storage. The melting point of formulated lipstick was determined by capillary tube method. The capillary was filled, keep in the capillary apparatus and firstly observed the product was slowly-slowly melted. The above procedure was done in 5 times and the melting point ratio was observed in different-different formulations.

Breaking point:

Breaking point is done to determine the strength of lipstick. The lipstick is held horizontally in a socket ½ inch away from the edge of support. The weight is gradually increased by a specific value (10gm) at specific interval of 30 seconds and weight at which breaks is considered as the breaking point.

Force of application:

It is the test for comparative measurement of the force to be applied for application. A piece of coarse brown paper can be kept on a shadow graph balance and lipstick can be applied at 45⁰ angle to cover a 1sq.inch area until fully covered. The pressure reading is an indication of force of application.

Surface anomalies:

This is studied by the surface defects, such as no formation of crystals on surfaces, no contamination by moulds, fungi etc.

Aging stability:

The product was stored in 40⁰C for 1 hr. various parameters like bleeding, crystallization on surface and ease of application were observed.

Solubility test:

The formulated herbal lipstick was dissolved in various solvents to observe the solubility.

pH:

The pH of the formulated herbal lipstick was determined using pH meter.

Skin irritation test:

It is carried out by applying product on the skin for 10 mins.

Perfume stability:

The formulated herbal lipstick was tested after 30days, to record the fragrance⁶.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

The results of evaluation tests for formulated lipstick formulations were encouraging. The developed herbal lipstick was yellowish orange in colour, slightly translucent in appearance and showed good homogeneity with absence of lumps. The formulated F4 preparation was much clear as compared to other formulations and it was found that formulated herbal lipstick F4 (Figure 1) was best among all formulations.

Figure 1: Formulation F4

CONCLUSION:

Phytochemicals are a heterogeneous group of compounds found in all plants. They constitute an important role in cosmaceuticals. The herbal lipstick formulation was prepared by keeping in view to develop a lipstick using herbal ingredients with a hope to minimize the side effects as produced by the available synthetic ones.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

The author feels to express sincere thanks to the Management, Anurag Pharmacy College for their valuable support and co-operation during the research work.

REFERENCE:

1. Sharma PP. Cosmetics-Formulation and quality control, 2005, 3^rd edition, vandana publications.

2. Jain SK and Sharma NKA. A text book of Pharmaceutics, 2005, vallabah prakashan publications.

3. Negi PS, Jayaprakasha GK. Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Punica granatum peel extracts. J Food Sci.68; 2003: 1473–1477.

4. Ajaikumar KB, Asheef M, Babu BH, Padikkala J). The inhibition of gastric mucosal injury by Punica granatum (Pomegranate) methanolic extract. J. Ethnopharmacol 96; 2005; 171-176.

5. Li Y, Qi Y., Huang THW, Yamahara J, Roufogalis BD. Pomegranate flower: A unique traditional antidiabetic medicine with dual PPAR-a /-g activator property. Diabetes Obes Metab 10; 2008: 10-17.

6. Meher Deepali Avinash, Alai Manoj Hari, Nikam Shreya Pradeep. Herbal lipstick formulation: a new approach, IJRAP 2 (6); 2011: 1795-1797.

Received on 29.04.2012 Accepted on 25.06.2012

Res. J. Topical and Cosmetic Sci. 3(1): Jan. –June 2012 page 20-22